Hepatitis B discussion

1. Key determinants and characteristics of your chosen topic

The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a viral condition that affects the liver, and transmitted through body fluids such as blood, and other infected body fluids. The determinants of the disease include persons with chronic liver disease such as fatty liver disease and cirrhosis who are percutaneous or mucosal exposure to blood or body fluids. People who travel to countries with HBV epidemic are also at great risk of being infected by hepatitis B. The HIV infected persons are also at risk of being co-infected with chronic HBV. Co-infected people have increased rates of cirrhosis and other liver-related mortality. Diabetic persons have a high prevalence of hepatitis B infection. 

The characteristics of Hepatitis B include symptoms such as yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine, abdominal pain, vomiting and loss of appetite among other signs. Chronic Hepatitis B may affect a person and exist for more than six months and affect the immune system that may lead to dysfunction of liver, or cancer. A person with a chronic condition may not show any signs and a person may be infected without being detected. On the other hand, acute hepatitis B can clear from the body within the first six months.

2. At least five health promotion and five illness prevention interventions that might be appropriate for the patient population infected with the disease process that you selected

There is numerous health promotion that can help to prevent hepatitis B including observing personal hygiene by washings hands to prevent potential infections. Using protection during sexual intercourse, avoiding direct contact with body fluids such as blood and saliva and not sharing objects such as razor blades, toothbrushes, and earrings. It is also vital to ensure that there is proper disposal of napkins and other garments that come into contact with body fluids. There is a need to use disinfected syringes and sharp piercing objects.

Hepatitis B can be prevented by using Hepatitis B vaccines. All the infants and adolescents who were not vaccinated are given vaccines to prevent them from being infected. Adults who are at risk of being infected through sexual intercourse are also vaccinated. People traveling to countries where HBV is common should be given the vaccine. The pregnant women are also tested for HBV because they can infect the unborn baby. Vaccination is done on the baby within hours of birth by giving the infant HBIG and HBV vaccine. The other preventive measures include avoiding injecting drugs, avoiding sharing needles, razors and toothbrushes. Persons who are mostly exposed to percutaneous or mucosal such as the drug addicts who inject themselves with drugs are also vaccinated to prevent them from hepatitis B.  

3. At least 2 restorative health care considerations for your chosen topic. 

People who have been recently exposed to Hepatitis B should get HBIG and vaccines within a day of being exposed to HBV, and not more than 2 days. Short-lived HBV may not require treatment. However, chronic hepatitis B symptoms are treated using anti-virus medicines. The other restorative healthcare consideration for the seriously damaged liver is a liver transplant. The medications include taking antiviral drugs. Several treatments help with managing symptoms and help to eliminate some health problems like cirrhosis. The birth dose of HepB vaccine is vital in preventing perinatal hepatitis B infection among infants born from infected mothers. The dose protects infants who are at risk of household exposure. 

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